Some issues related to standby power
There's been much talk recently in the press about energy wasted in the form of standby power. The Swiss papers regularly talk about saving one nuclear power station if all appliances were switched off instead of being in standby.
As far as I can judge there are two types of standby power:
a) the "convenience" type, where the standby power is actually needed for a functional purpose, for example, a TV set, which needs the standby power to power the infra-red receiver to receive commands from the remote control;
b) the "useless" type, rather insidious, because most people don't realize that the appliance is drawing power as they think it's switched off. Examples - mains powered radios, laptop computers, low voltage halogen or led lamps. Even worse than that - chargers for appliances such as mobile phones - they don't even have any kind of switch.
There's also a third class of appliances which really uselessly draw power when "switched off", for example household appliances with a clock display. After all, it's drawing power all the time to power the display, even though probably 95% of users never use the programmable functionality.
My real concern is the b) type, the ones where you think it's switched off but it isn't in reality, because the switch is on the low voltage side of the circuitry, as in the diagram below.
That means that the high-voltage (mains) is powered permanently. Sure the low-voltage circuitry isn't drawing any power, but no transformer is 100% efficient (whether it's a switching transformer or classic one as in the case above).
The simple question is then why is the switch on the low-voltage side of the circuit rather than the high-voltage side? The answer is simple: money. A low-voltage switch costs less than a high-voltage switch and there is no incentive for equipment manufacturers to use high-voltage switches.
The answer: political pressure to create incentives for manufacturers to do so. After all, if everyone switches off the high voltage circuitry then no-one is at a cost disadvantage any more.
On top of that costs seem to be driving nearly all elements in products today, particularly over energy efficiency. It's not just the fact that we only have low-cost, low-voltage switches; most of the transformers these days also seem to be low-cost and that not surprisingly translates into lower efficiency. It doesn't really matter that much when the appliances are in operation, but it does seem to be a shame to waste energy when an appliance is supposedly "switched off".
Can you do anything about it, pending action by politicians? Well the only solution is to unplug the appliances or use a switched plug, when they aren't needed.

2 Comments
In Australia, nearly all socket-outlets have a mains power switch associated with them, so it's just as easy to turn off the socket outlet as it would be to turn off a primary-side power switch of a direct-plug-in appliance. The problem you really get is for hifi systems or computer systems where you have maybe half a dozen power plugs connected to an EPOD (electric portable outlet device). Usually these don't have individual switches and they're often located in hard to get at places because the user wants to keep the system tidy. Take my tv/surround sound system at home as an example. I have a VCR, amongst other things, connected to the EPOD which is behind the tv stand and relatively inaccessible. I can reach the wall socket-outlet switch okay and turn everything off at the mains, but the problem is the VCR loses it's clock settings within a few minutes and it has to be re-programmed when power is restored, which is a nuisance. It's less inconvenient to pay a couple of extra dollars a year to the power company to keep the equipment on standby than it is to reprogram the VCR every day. Also, my pay TV set top box downloads software updates overnight every now and then when it's on standby. If my system was turned off at the wall then I'd miss out on these updates. There's no way, for convenience sake, that I'm going to selectively power off those appliances which are on the EPOD.
So, in my view, for Australia, individual mains-side power switches on every product would add little but extra purchasing costs to the product and not, in the real world, save a single tree.
The issue is much more complex than it might seem at a first glance, and there is no fast and simple solution to tackle the problem.
The European Commission has financed a study on Standby, and public deliverables are available at the following link:
http://www.ecostandby.org/underreview_documents.php
Have a look at it for a deep investigation of the Standby issue.
According to me, electric energy is one of the scarce resources we have to deal with. Therefore any kind of energy waste has to be minimized. One example of energy waste are the so-called "Off-mode losses", when no function is offered to the user but still the device uses some energy.
On the other hand, if some function is offered to the user (a watch on an oven, for instance) then some power has to be allocated for the job.
Furthermore, I would be strongly against any measure which is advocating solutions, like the primary side switch: that is limiting in an unacceptable way innovation. Measures should give consumption targets, not suggesting the technical solutions to be adopted. It will be manufacturers duty (and challenge) to meet the targets while offering smarter products.