Photo
Popularity Rate down 0wattwatters who think this pulse is not really interesting Rate up 1wattwatters who think this pulse is interesting

Shaking to charge a flashlight?

Pippa Rojo on August 16, 2007 | 1598 Views | 1 Comment

Having thought several times about purchasing a flashlight that could be recharged simply by shaking, i.e. I'd be the one to supply the energy once the original purchase was made, I found this article interesting. It comes from the made by monkeys site:

http://www.electronicsweekly.com/blogs/engineering-design-problems/2007/06/flashlight-has-dismal-light-ou-1.html 

image

Those portable shake-to-charge devices seem like a good idea, especially for the battery challenged, but how well does this sort of thing really work? Engineer Dave Johnson took this flashlight to the test and found the performance decidedly lacking:

"The maker used some very cheap 1N4001 diodes in the bridge rectifier circuit instead of more efficient Schottky diodes. They also used a small 0.5 Farad cap with a 5.5V rating. I noticed that that this kind of super capacitor was originally designed for maintaining data in memory chips and has a rather high internal equivalent series resistance. This reduces the overall efficiency, since the device can't be charged or discharged very quickly. Some of the power that should go to the LED will end up being dissipated inside the capacitor. Better super capacitors do exist.Most white LEDs draw about 20ma of current with a voltage of about 3.6 volts. As the voltage drops from 3.6v, the current will also be lower. Without any regulation, the circuit will not have a consistent light output. I measured the LED current in this circuit at only a few milliamps, even after many minutes of vigorous shaking. This suggests that they decided to sacrifice light intensity for light duration.
View circuit

The human mechanical power to electrical power conversion efficiency for a shaking device, such as this flashlight, is poor. To measure how much power I could get from the shaking magnet generator, I first completed the flashlight dissection process by disconnecting the coil from the flashlight circuit. I then connected the coil to a Schottky diode bridge, made from four 1N5817 diodes. These diodes have a much lower 0.35V drop instead of the 1.0V for the 1N4001 diode. I then placed a high quality 10 Farad super capacitor from Maxwell (www.maxwell.com) across the output of the bridge.

To measure the capacitor voltage, I connected a digital voltmeter across the cap. Before the test, I made sure the capacitor was completely discharged. I started a stopwatch, and then started shaking the flashlight's magnet. After 120 seconds, the capacitor was charged up to 1.0 volts. This corresponds to an energy increase of 5 joules using the equation 0.5CVV, where C is 10 Farads and V is the 1.0 volts across the capacitor. So, I got 5 joules (watt-seconds) of energy in 120 seconds. That means that the magnet shaking was only able to produce about 0.042 watts of power. This is a dismal amount -- and I am no weakling! To put this into perspective, a single 1.5" x 1.5 " solar cell, placed in bright sunlight, would generate more power than the shaking magnet generator. I bet many of the hand crank generator flashlights I have seen for sale would do much better. A pull string type generator would work even better.

But let's imagine a different kind of flashlight altogether.

I like the idea of using a pull string human motion over crank. I think this technique would be a much more efficient way to convert human power to electrical power. This device would be a miniature version of the technique often used to start a lawn mower. The imaginary device would be held in one hand, while the other arm would pull the string. Each pull of the string would spin a flywheel up to a high RPM, which would be connected to a brushless motor, acting as alternator. I imagine that such a device could generate several watts of power, perhaps as much as 20 watts. Such a machine would produce 50 or 100 times more power than the shaking magnet technique.

Let's then connect the output of the three phase alternator to a three phase bridge rectifier. The output of the bridge would then be connected to a bank of quality super capacitors rated at 2.5 volts. Perhaps the total capacitance would be about 50 Farads. I would then use an efficient DC-to-DC converter (Maybe using Texas Instrument's TPS61070 device), designed to maintain a constant current flow to one or more LEDs. One LED might be adequate but an array of 7 LEDs would be even better.

Let's say the pull string approach could generate 5 watts of power. Then, a 50 Farad cap would be charged up to 2.5 volts in less than a minute. Once charged, a DC to DC converter with an 80% efficiency would keep a single 20ma white LED going for 30 minutes. Such a flashlight would be much brighter than the above device. A larger 350 farad capacitor from www.maxwell.com might be used to power a 7 LED flashlight for 30 minutes after 7 minutes of charging. If a 20 watt device could be developed, it might be powerful enough to charge up a dead automotive lead acid battery after a few minutes of string pulling to start a car. Such a device might be small enough to fit into a car's glove box and could make a nice Christmas gift.

|

1 Comment

#1 by Pieter Leenhouts on September 4, 2007 at 2:46 p.m.

About 3 years ago I bought a wind up flashlight from Lee Valley Tools that works very well. It operates on a hand crank. 30 seconds of winding gave at least 30 minutes of led light. It was pricey then at $25. but now you can buy them for between $5 and $10 Canadian Dollars. Admittedly it requires a battery storage device as opposed to a capacitor. The most interesting recent development is the solar charged flashlight. An hour or two of charging gives up to 6 hours of light (led).

Related pulses

CFLs and power quality

Warren Miller on October 28, 2008 | 274 Views
The issue of the effect of the change to CFLs on power quality was noted earlier in the year. As an update, the Australian Government's program to eliminate inefficient ...

toxicity of fluorescents

Gary Vergine on July 15, 2008 | 1109 Views
OK, cfls are nasty when broken and need to be disposed of carefully. Do 'ordinary' long tube fluorescents have the same stuff in them ? Are any of the newer versions ...

Changing Out Old Streetlights

Kristen Lee on June 3, 2008 | 1104 Views
A few progressive cities around the world have taken initiative to reduce carbon output via the installation of energy saving streetlights. Benefits include 40-50% reduced operating costs, potentially safer streets ...

Ingenius solar power lamps !

Jose Vaz Pinto on April 22, 2008 | 1888 Views
This is in fact quite simple, but extremely ingenius and effective - the automatic on / off interior solar lamp - invented in Brasil by Mr Alfredo Moser, a mecanics worker in a ...

CLF eficientes IRAM-SHITSUKE (CBTL IECEE)

Angel Cirocco on March 27, 2008 | 1273 Views
Los invito a que conozcan el sistema de certificación de etiquetado IRAM-SHITSUKE, sobre lamparas de uso domestico implementado en Argentina.  I invite them to that know the certification system ...

Compact fluorescent lamps and power quality

Peter Van den Bossche on February 27, 2008 | 2378 Views
One aspect that is rarely touched in the discussion about compact fluorescent lamps and the ban of incandescent lamps: power quality. Have you ever seen the shape of the current ...

I'm just one person. What can I do about global warming?

Pippa Rojo on January 21, 2008 | 1339 Views
This was Sydney's answer. If you want to know more about the campaign, go to http://www.earthhour.org/

Commit to switch = bulb amnesty?

Joshua Jones on January 17, 2008 | 1195 Views
Thought you might be interested in this http://www.asimpleswitch.com/?...  site from Philips in the US. It asks the consumer to commit to changing their incandescent  bulbs ...

This isn't a billboard. Its a power plant!

Sergio Ferreira on December 14, 2007 | 11735 Views
San Franciscan Pacific Gas and Electric, California, has just installed the first solar powered billboard in the world.  The billboard actually draws power from the grid, but the power output ...

Greenpeace gets Ireland to ban incandescent lightbulbs

Pippa Rojo on December 10, 2007 | 1275 Views
Governments are meeting in Bali to discuss global warming mesures and the Irish Government has hit the headlines by announcing the EU's first ban of incandescent lightbulbs. Over the ...

CHANGING to LED TRAFFIC SIGNAL in JAPAN

Shinichi Nishidate on November 22, 2007 | 1633 Views
Japan National Police Agency decided to change traditional tube type traffic signal to LED type for arterial highway from next year by gradation. There are roughly 2 million traffic signal ...

What are the building blocks of the super-efficient society?

Hans De Keulenaer on November 13, 2007 | 1292 Views
At Leonardo ENERGY, we're starting a reflection about the elements of the super-efficient society. Many of you have heard of Factor 4 , and the derived Factor 10 or even ...

Another Innovation In Solid-State Lighting

ReLED Systems on November 8, 2007 | 1201 Views
ReLED Systems , introduced in 2007, emerged from over twenty-five years of experience developing pioneering lighting products.  Continuing this tradition, Bartco Lighting’s new division has created a progressive line of ...

Tim O'Reilly wonders at the profligacy of US electricity consumption

Bill Thompson on November 3, 2007 | 1097 Views
A lovely little post from publisher and general Web guru Tim O'Reilly over at the O'Reilly Radar blog. He is visiting Sicily and wonders at how different it ...

Use electricity wisely

Hans De Keulenaer on October 22, 2007 | 89427 Views
It's always good to practice what one's preaching, especially if it's done in such a powerful way. Eskom's advertising campaign for saving electricity.  I would appreciate ...